Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle in northeastern Brazil.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic viral disease of wide distribution in cattle herds and may take several years for the first manifestation of clinical signs. Most animals do not present clinical signs. However, the economic losses are underestimated due to this disease. Thus, this work aimed to detect and characterize BLV in dairy cattle in the Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 176 animals from 8 municipalities in the southeastern state of Maranhão. Bovine blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and molecular diagnosis using nested PCR assays for BLV, targeting gp51 gene. Positive samples were then sequenced and then subjected to phylogenetic inferences. BLV DNA was detected in 16 cattle (16/176, 9.09%) in 4 municipalities. Phylogenetic analyzes showed that the sequence obtained clustered in a clade containing BLV sequences classified as genotype 6, with a high degree of support. Our data shows BLV occurrence in the Northeast of Brazil and the identification of genotype 6 in this region. These findings contribute to the molecular epidemiology of this agent in Brazil.

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extracts from Different Varieties: A Source of Proanthocyanidins and Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibition Activity.

Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae) is an endogenous palm tree from the Amazon region. Its seeds correspond to 85% of the fruit's weight, a primary solid residue generated from pulp production, the accumulation of which represents a potential source of pollution and environmental problems. As such, this work aimed to quantify and determine the phytochemical composition of E. oleracea Mart. seeds from purple, white, and BRS-Pará açaí varieties using established analytical methods and also to evaluate it as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. The proanthocyanidin quantification (n-butanol/hydrochloric acid assay) between varieties was 6.4-22.4 (w/w)/dry matter. Extract characterization showed that all varieties are composed of B-type procyanidin with a high mean degree of polymerization (mDP ≥ 10) by different analytical methodologies to ensure the results. The purple açaí extract, which presented 22.4% (w/w) proanthocyanidins/dry matter, was tested against corrosion of carbon steel AISI 1020 in neutral pH. The crude extract (1.0 g/L) was effective in controlling corrosion on the metal surface for 24 h. Our results demonstrated that the extracts rich in polymeric procyanidins obtained from industrial açaí waste could be used to inhibit carbon steel AISI 1020 in neutral pH as an abundant, inexpensive, and green source of corrosion inhibitor.

Agrometeorological models to forecast açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) yield in the Eastern Amazon.

BACKGROUND: The increasing demand in Brazil and the world for products derived from the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart) has generated changes in its production process, principally due to the necessity of maintaining yield in situations of seasonality and climate fluctuation. The objective of this study was to estimate açaí fruit yield in irrigated system (IRRS) and rainfed system or unirrigated (RAINF) using agrometeorological models in response to climate conditions in the eastern Amazon. Modeling was done using multiple linear regression using the 'stepwise forward' method of variable selection. Monthly air temperature (T) values, solar radiation (SR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), precipitation + irrigation (P + I), and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in six phenological phases were correlated with yield. The thermal necessity value was calculated through the sum of accumulated degree days (ADD) up to the formation of fruit bunch, as well as the time necessary for initial leaf development, using a base temperature of 10 °C. RESULTS: The most important meteorological variables were T, SR, and VPD for IRRS, and for RAINF water stress had the greatest effect. The accuracy of the agrometeorological models, using maximum values for mean absolute percent error (MAPE), was 0.01 in the IRRS and 1.12 in the RAINF. CONCLUSION: Using these models yield was predicted approximately 6 to 9 months before the harvest, in April, May, November, and December in the IRRS, and January, May, June, August, September, and November for the RAINF. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Genetic fingerprinting of the Brazilian medicinal plant Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Chrysobalanaceae)

Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Chrysobalanaceae) is a medicinal species widely used in Brazil mainly to treat diabetes. Despite the medicinal importance of C. icaco, genetic information of this genus remains limited. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the influence of the genetic basis of C. icaco by determining its chemotypes. 25 C. icaco genotypes were collected from 15 sites in Belém, Marajó and Northeastern mesoregions of Pará state, Brazil. The genotypes were selected by evaluating the plant morphological characteristics such as fruit color and plant habit. The DNA fingerprinting profile was performed using PCR based RAPD technique and appropriate statistical methods were used. RAPD markers were used for evaluation of genetic diversity and molecular characterization of the C. icaco, using a total of 18 decamer primers. These primers produced 85 amplification products, with an average of 4.7 bands per primer and 99.2% polymorphism. The genotypes are genetically distinct, forming variable clusters in number and constitution by different methods. By the morphological characteristics considered, there is a tendency of clustering based on the color of the ripe fruit. We found the secondary metabolite content depends not on environmental condition, but rather on C. icaco genome. Therefore, it may have implications for ethnopharmacological use of the chemotypes.

Vivências de violência obstétrica experimentadas por parturientes / Experiences of obstetric violence experienced by parturients

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência apresenta várias faces e, nesse contexto, pode ocorrer no cenário das instituições de saúde a violência obstétrica, que pode ser definida por qualquer ato ou conduta que venha a causar morte, sofrimento seja de ordem sexual, física ou psicológica à mulher, que pode ocorrer em instituições públicas ou privadas. OBJETIVO: Analisar as experiências de trabalho de parto e parto de mulheres que sofreram violência obstétrica. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolveu-se em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Juazeiro do Norte, região Sul do Ceará, Brasil. Foram convidadas a participar do estudo mulheres que sofreram violência obstétrica no referido município e que estivessem cadastradas em UBS desta mesma cidade. Os critérios de inclusão, mulheres que foram mães em um período de até seis meses e sofreram violência obstétrica. Para a coleta de dados, realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se do critério de saturação dos dados. Para a interpretação dos resultados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: O estudo evidenciou que as mulheres sentiram medo, insegurança e ficaram de fato assustadas em estar no ambiente da maternidade. Revelou que à assistência precisa ser modificada, com maior clareza, até para os profissionais, sobre a violência obstétrica. Notou-se que as mulheres não souberam identificar ao certo o que é violência obstétrica e de que forma sofreu essa violência. E por fim, percebeu-se que essa violência afeta no vinculo do binômio mãe-filho. CONCLUSÃO: É preciso uma assistência humanizada e qualificada a estas mulheres neste momento tão delicado e importante de suas vidas.

INTRODUCTION: Violence has many faces and, in this context, may occur in the setting of health institutions obstetric violence, act or conduct based on gender, causing death, damage or suffering of a physical, sexual or psychological nature to women, both in the public sphere and in private. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the labor and delivery experiences of women who suffered obstetric violence. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with qualitative approach, developed at Primary Health Centers (UBS) of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, southern region of Ceará, Brazil. Women registered in UBS of this city who suffered obstetric violence were invited to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria were women who were mothers in a period of up to six months and who suffered obstetric violence. Data collection used a semi-structured interview, using the data saturation criterion. The interpretation of the results used the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The study showed that these women felt fear, insecurity and were actually scared to be in the maternity setting. It revealed the need for care change, and the need for more clarity, even for professionals, on obstetric violence. These women do not know for sure what obstetric violence is and the way they suffered this violence. Finally, the study showed that this violence affects the bond of the mother-child binomial. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide humanized and qualified assistance to these women at this very delicate and important time in their lives.

Violência obstétrica na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos na assistência ao parto / La violencia obstétrica bajo la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería involucrados en la asistencia al parto / Obstetric violence under the perspective of nursing professionals of the birth care

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos na assistência ao parto sobre violência obstétrica. MÉTODO: Estudo de natureza qualitativa em que participaram da pesquisa enfermeiros(as) que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão: ser enfermeiro(a) da maternidade lócus do estudo, possuir graduação por um período mínimo de seis meses e trabalhar diretamente na assistência ao parto. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se do critério de saturação dos dados para encerramento da coleta. Para a organização dos resultados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os enfermeiros participantes apontaram quais as técnicas, práticas e manobras que consideram ser violência obstétrica. Foi identificado diante das experiências dos profissionais que a ocorrência da violência obstétrica ainda é bastante praticada. Percebeu-se que profissionais da enfermagem possuem conhecimentos acerca da violência obstétrica, como também as suas práticas. CONCLUSÃO: Aponta-se assim a necessidade de que tais agravos, em sua assistência, possam ser reduzidos a partir de ações estratégicas e protocolos assistenciais

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento de profesionales de enfermería involucrados en la asistencia al parto acerca de la violencia obstétrica. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en que participaron enfermeros que atendieron a los CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN: ser enfermero (a) de la maternidad locus del estudio, poseer graduación por un período mínimo de seis meses y trabajar directamente en la asistencia al parto. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada, utilizando el criterio de saturación de los datos para el cierre de la recolección. Para la organización de los resultados se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS: Los enfermeros participantes apuntar cuáles son las técnicas, prácticas y maniobras que consideran ser violencia obstétrica. Fue identificado ante las experiencias de los profesionales que la ocurrencia de la violencia obstétrica todavía es bastante practicada. Se percibió que profesionales de enfermería poseen conocimientos acerca de la violencia obstétrica, así como sus prácticas. CONCLUSIÓN: Se apunta así la necesidad de que tales agravios, en su asistencia, puedan ser reducidos a partir de acciones estratégicas y protocolos asistenciales

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge of nursing professionals involved in childbirth care about obstetric violence. Method: This was a qualitative study in which nurses met the following inclusion criteria: being a nurse in the maternity hospital of the study, graduating for a minimum period of six months and working directly in childbirth care. A semi-structured interview was performed using the data saturation criterion to close the collection. For the organization of the results the content analysis technique was used. RESULTS: The participating nurses pointed out the techniques, practices and manoeuvres they consider to be obstetric violence. It was identified from the experiences of professionals that the occurrence of obstetric violence is still quite practiced. It was noticed that nursing professionals have knowledge about obstetric violence, as well as their practices. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it is pointed out that these problems, in their assistance, can be reduced through strategic actions and assistance protocols

Molecular characterization of progenies of bacurizeiro ( Platonia insignis ) from Marajó Island, northeastern Amazon / Caracterização molecular de progênies de bacurizeiro ( Platonia insignis ) da Ilha de Marajó, nordeste da Amazônia

ABSTRACT The bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) is a tree native to the Amazon whose fruit is much used in the gastronomy in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Due to its great economic potential for these regions, the species is being conserved in germplasm banks to support genetic breeding programs. The aim of this work was the molecular characterization of P. insignis accessions belonging to the germplasm bank of the Embrapa Eastern Amazon research unit using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Seventy-eight accessions of P. insignis belonging to 16 progenies were sampled in two different localities on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. Among the 16 progenies, seven were collected in Soure and nine in Salvaterra. The 78 accessions were genotyped with 23 pre-selected primers. We obtained 121 amplified products, of which 54 were polymorphic. The most polymorphic primers were UBC 834, UBC 899 and UBC 900. Primers UBC810 and UBC884 did not amplify polymorphic bands. Forty-nine markers out of 54 were selected for genetic analyses. AMOVA within and among progenies showed low genetic differentiation (ΦPT = 0.064, P<0.001) with higher diversity within progenies (96%), low genetic differentiation among sampling localities (ΦPT = 0.025, P<0.013), and higher diversity within (98%) than among localities. Clustering by UPGMA based on Jaccard similarities among pairs of accessions did not separate genotypes according to progeny or sampling localitiy. We recommend that new germplasm surveys consider a greater sampling effort within sampling localitites.

RESUMO O bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) é uma espécie frutífera nativa da Amazônia muito utilizada na cultura alimentar nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Devido a seu grande potencial econômico regional, a espécie vem sendo conservada em bancos ativos de germoplasma (BAG) para apoiar programas de melhoramento genético. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar molecularmente acessos de P. insignis pertencentes ao BAG da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental por meio de marcadores ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat). Foram coletados 78 acessos de P. insignis pertencentes a 16 progênies coletadas em dois locais diferentes na Ilha de Marajó, PA. Das 16 progênies, sete foram coletadas em Soure e nove em Salvaterra. Os 78 acessos foram genotipados com 23 primers ISSR pré-selecionados. Obteve-se 121 produtos amplificados, dos quais 54 foram polimórficos. Os primers mais polimórficos foram UBC 834, UBC 899 e UBC 900. Já os primers UBC810 e UBC884 não apresentaram bandas polimórficas. Das 54 marcas, 49 foram selecionadas para as análises genéticas. A AMOVA entre e dentro de progênies identificou baixa diferenciação genética (ΦPT = 0,064, P<0,001) com maior diversidade dentro de progênies (96%), bem como baixa diferenciação genética entre os locais de coleta (ΦPT = 0,025, P<0,013), com maior diversidade dentro (98%) do que entre locais. O agrupamento pelo método UPGMA, com base nas similaridades de Jaccard entre os acessos, não separou as amostras por progênie ou local de coleta. Recomenda-se que novas coletas de germoplasma considerem maior esforço de coleta em cada local amostrado.

Satisfação de adolescentes usuários do SUS sobre o serviço público de saúde / Adolescent user's satisfaction with the UHS in the public health service

Objetivo: analisar a satisfação de adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre o serviço público de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, com dez adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada. Realizou-se a análise pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: a insatisfação esteve neste relato da maioria dos participantes e, como principal dificuldade do acesso ao serviço, observou-se a demora ao atendimento. Conclusão: percebeu-se o quanto as unidades de saúde pública ainda passam por dificuldades no que diz respeito ao atendimento ao paciente, mostrando insatisfação dos adolescentes, oque não atende aos princípios do SUS, universalidade, equidade e integralidade, que garantem os ideais, direitos e deveres do paciente, que é o principal foco de bem-estar e saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) genotypes and commercial pulps.

BACKGROUND: Açaí has been reported to contain many bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of pulps of three different açaí genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Eastern Amazon and three commercial açaí pulps from Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. RESULTS: Anthocyanin 3-rutinoside was the major anthocyanin present in freeze-dried açaí pulp samples. The commercial sample C showed the greatest amounts of cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside (18 942 and 34 397 µg g-1 respectively). The content of phenolic compounds varied significantly among the commercial and genotype samples, and vanillic acid was found in the highest concentration in the samples studied. All açaí samples showed high DPPH, ORAC and TEAC values, confirming the exceptionally high radical-scavenging capacity of açaí pulp previously reported by other researchers. CONCLUSION: The commercial samples showed higher antioxidant capacity and higher levels of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanic compounds than those of the genotype samples. Among the genotypes studied, L4P16 stood out for its higher contents of fibre and bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant capacity, indicating that this genotype has great potential for use in plant breeding programs that should be further explored. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Karyotype and genome size in Euterpe Mart. (Arecaceae) species.

Euterpe (Martius, 1823), a genus from Central and South America, has species with high economic importance in Brazil, because of their palm heart and fruits, known as açaí berries. Breeding programs have been conducted to increase yield and establish cultivation systems to replace the extraction of wild material. These programs need basic information about the genome of these species to better explore the available genetic variability. The aim of this study was to compare Euterpe edulis (Martius, 1824), Euterpe oleracea (Martius, 1824) and Euterpe precatoria (Martius, 1842), with regard to karyotype, type of interphase nucleus and nuclear DNA amount. Metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei from root tip meristematic cells were obtained by the squashing technique and solid stained for microscope analysis. The DNA amount was estimated by flow cytometry. There were previous reports on the chromosome number of Euterpe edulis and Euterpe oleracea, but chromosome morphology of these two species and the whole karyotype of Euterpe precatoria are reported for the first time. The species have 2n=36, a number considered as a pleisomorphic feature in Arecoideae since the modern species, according to floral morphology, have the lowest chromosome number (2n=28 and 2n=30). The three Euterpe species also have the same type of interphase nuclei, classified as semi-reticulate. The species differed on karyotypic formulas, on localization of secondary constriction and genome size. The data suggest that the main forces driving Euterpe karyotype evolution were structural rearrangements, such as inversions and translocations that alter chromosome morphology, and either deletion or amplification that led to changes in chromosome size.

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, voluntary bone marrow donors registry analysis.

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to report the allele and haplotype frequencies of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMD) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) who were enrolled in the Brazilian Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). METHODS: the sample comprised 12,973 VBMD who had their allele and haplotype frequencies calculated by Arlequin 3.5.1.2. A multivariate analysis of the data was obtained through a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with SPSS 8.0. RESULTS: the most frequent allelic group was HLA-A*02, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 and -DRB1*01. Of the 2,701 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent were HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.56%) and -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1.29%). These haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. RN allele and haplotype frequencies were very similar to those in other Brazilian states in which similar studies have been performed. The PCA revealed that RN is highly genetically similar to Caucasian populations, especially those from Iberian countries, which strongly influenced the state's ethnic composition. Africans and Amerindians also influenced the RN population structure, to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: the HCA reinforced the conclusion that, despite its highly admixed profile, the RN population is genetically similar to European and European-descended populations. The PCA also showed that RN cities do not contribute to the same extent to REDOME, with less populous cities being underrepresented, indicating the need to enroll more VBMD from these smaller cities to faithfully depict the state's population structure in the database.

Molecular studies reveal a MLL-MLLT3 gene fusion displaced in a case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with complex karyotype.

Rearrangement of the mixed lineage-leukemia gene (MLL-r) is common in hematological diseases and is generally associated with poor prognosis. The mixed-lineage leukemia gene translocated to, 3 (MLLT3) gene (9p22) is a frequent MLL-r partner (∼18% of leukemias with MLL rearrangement) and is characterized by the translocation t(9;11) (p22;q23), forming an MLL-MLLT3 gene fusion. MLL-r are usually simple reciprocal translocations between two different chromosomes, although karyotypes with complex MLL-r have been observed. We present a rare case of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a complex karyotype in which the classical t(9;11) (p22;q23) was cryptically relocated into a third chromosome in a balanced three-way translocation. At the genome level, however, the MLL-MLLT3 three-way translocation still displayed both reciprocal fusion transcripts. This argues in favor for a model where a simple two-way t(9;11) (p22;q23) was likely the first step that then evolved in to a more complex karyotype. Multicolor banding techniques can be used to greatly refine complex karyotypes and its chromosomal breakpoints. Also in the presence of putative new rearrangements, Long distance inverse-PCR is an important tool to identify which gene fusion is involved.

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, voluntary bone marrow donors registry analysis / Análise do registro de doadores voluntários de medula óssea do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

Objective: this study aimed to report the allele and haplotype frequencies of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMD) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) who were enrolled in the Brazilian Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). Methods: the sample comprised 12,973 VBMD who had their allele and haplotype frequencies calculated by Arlequin 3.5.1.2. A multivariate analysis of the data was obtained through a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with SPSS 8.0. Results: the most frequent allelic group was HLA-A*02, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 and -DRB1*01. Of the 2,701 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent were HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.56%) and -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1.29%). These haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. RN allele and haplotype frequencies were very similar to those in other Brazilian states in which similar studies have been performed. The PCA revealed that RN is highly genetically similar to Caucasian populations, especially those from Iberian countries, which strongly influenced the state’s ethnic composition. Africans and Amerindians also influenced the RN population structure, to a lesser extent. Conclusion: the HCA reinforced the conclusion that, despite its highly admixed profile, the RN population is genetically similar to European and European-descended populations. The PCA also showed that RN cities do not contribute to the same extent to REDOME, with less populous cities being underrepresented, indicating the need to enroll more VBMD from these smaller cities to faithfully depict the state’s population structure in the database. .

Objetivo: relatar as frequências alélicas e haplotípicas do HLA-A, -B e -DRB1 de doadores voluntários de medula óssea (DVMO) do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), inscritos no Registro Nacional de Doadores de Medula Óssea (REDOME). Metodologia: 12.973 DVMO tiveram suas frequências alélica e haplotípica calculadas pelo programa Arlequin 3.5.1.2. Uma análise multivariada dos dados foi obtida por meio da Análise de Componente Principal (ACP) e da Análise de Cluster Hierárquico (ACH) realizadas pelo SPSS 8.0. Resultados: os grupos alélicos mais frequentes foram HLA-A*02, seguido por -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 e -DRB1*01. Dos 2.701 haplótipos observados, os três mais frequentes foram HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1,62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1,56%) e -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1,29%), que se encontravam em desequilíbrio de ligação. As frequências alélicas e haplotípicas do RN são bastante similares às de outros estados brasileiros em que trabalhos semelhantes foram executados. A ACP revelou ser o RN geneticamente muito semelhante a populações caucasianas, especialmente a dos países ibéricos, os quais influenciaram fortemente na composição étnica do Estado. Africanos e ameríndios também contribuíram para a estrutura populacional, mas em menor proporção. Conclusão: a ACH reforçou a conclusão de que, apesar de seu perfil miscigenado, a população do RN se assemelha geneticamente com populações europeias e que descendem das europeias. A ACP também mostrou que as cidades do RN não contribuem equitativamente na composição do REDOME, de modo que cidades pouco populosas estão sub-representadas, apontando a necessidade de cadastrar mais DVMO dessas cidades para que a estrutura da população seja fielmente retratada. .

Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.

The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level. The majority of NTM cases were observed in Porto Velho and the relative frequency of NTM compared with MTB was highest in Ji-Paraná. In approximately half of the TB subjects with NTM, a second sample containing NTM was obtained, confirming this as the disease-causing agent. The most frequently observed NTM species were M. abscessus and M. avium and because the former species is resistant to many antibiotics and displays unsatisfactory cure rates, the implementation of rapid identification of mycobacterium species is of considerable importance.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondonia, Brazil

The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level. The majority of NTM cases were observed in Porto Velho and the relative frequency of NTM compared with MTB was highest in Ji-Paraná. In approximately half of the TB subjects with NTM, a second sample containing NTM was obtained, confirming this as the disease-causing agent. The most frequently observed NTM species were M. abscessus and M. avium and because the former species is resistant to many antibiotics and displays unsatisfactory cure rates, the implementation of rapid identification of mycobacterium species is of considerable importance.

Exposições ambientais e leucemias na infância no Brasil: uma análise exploratória de sua associação / Exposiciones ambientales y leucemias en la infancia en Brasil: un análisis exploratorio de su asociación / /Environmental exposure and childhood leukemia in Brazil: an exploratory analysis of their association

O presente estudo objetiva explorar as relações inaparentes que diversos fatores relativos às exposições ambientais e características individuais existentes em nosso meio possam ter no processo de desenvolvimento da leucemia na infância. A partir de um banco de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos obtido com estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar sobre fatores de risco para leucemias na infância, foi realizada análise multivariada exploratória por meio do emprego de análise de componentes principais e análise fatorial. Os resultados encontrados são sugestivos quanto à contribuição conjunta das exposições ambientais, e não apenas individualizadas, no desenvolvimento das leucemias na infância, sendo apoiados pelas evidências na literatura de que o processo de carcinogênese, em geral, e o da leucemogênese, em particular, resultem de efeitos de múltiplas mutações relacionadas a exposições ambientais conjuntas.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las relaciones no aparentes que diversos factores relacionados con exposiciones ambientales, y características individuales existentes en nuestro medio, pueden llegar a tener en el proceso de desarrollo de la leucemia en la infancia. A partir de un banco de datos clínicos y epidemiológicos, obtenido con un estudio de control de casos de base hospitalaria sobre factores de riesgo para leucemias en la infancia, se realizó un análisis multivariado exploratorio, mediante el empleo de un análisis de componentes principales y análisis factorial. Los resultados encontrados son sugestivos en lo que se refiere a la contribución conjunta de las exposiciones ambientales, y no sólo individualizadas, en el desarrollo de las leucemias en la infancia. Siendo apoyados por evidencias en la literatura especializada de que el proceso de carcinogénesis, en general, y/o de la leucemogénesis en particular, resultan de efectos de múltiples mutaciones relacionadas a exposiciones ambientales conjuntas.

This study aims to explore the unapparent relations that several factors related to environmental exposure and individual characteristics existing in our environment may have with the process of developing childhood leukemia. From a database obtained from a clinical and epidemiological hospital-based, case-control study on risk factors for childhood leukemia, an exploratory multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis and factor analysis. The results indicate the joint contribution of not just individual but environmental exposure in the development of leukemia in childhood, and are supported by evidence in the literature that the process of carcinogenesis in general and of leukemogenesis in particular, result from effects of multiple mutations related to joint environmental exposure.

HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is a risk factor for HTLV-1 infection.

About 95% of HTLV-1 infected patients remain asymptomatic throughout life, and the risk factors associated with the development of related diseases, such as HAM/TSP and ATL, are not fully understood. The human leukocyte antigen-G molecule (HLA-G), a nonclassical HLA class I molecule encoded by MHC, is expressed in several pathological conditions, including viral infection, and is related to immunosuppressive effects that allow the virus-infected cells to escape the antiviral defense of the host. The 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of exon 8 HLA-G gene influences the stability of the transcripts and could be related to HTLV-1-infected cell protection and to the increase of proviral load. The present study analyzed by conventional PCR the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of exon 8 HLA-G gene in 150 unrelated healthy subjects, 82 HTLV-1 infected patients with symptoms (33 ATL and 49 HAM), and 56 asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected patients (HAC). In addition, the proviral load was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in all infected groups and correlated with 14-bp insertion/deletion genotypes. The heterozygote genotype frequencies were significantly higher in HAM, in the symptomatic group, and in infected patients compared to control (p < 0.05). The proviral load was higher in the symptomatic group than the HAC group (p < 0.0005). The comparison of proviral load and genotypes showed that -14-bp/-14-bp genotype had a higher proviral load than +14-bp/-14-bp and +14-bp/+14-bp genotypes. Although HLA-G 14-bp polymorphism does not appear to be associated with HTLV-1 related disease development, it could be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to infection.

Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em quatro espécies de palmáceas na Amazônia: ocorrência e considerações taxonômicas / Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in four Amazonian palm species: occurrence and taxonomic considerations

O objetivo deste trabalho foi designar o nome correto do afídeo que ataca palmáceas nativas amazônicas e descrever sua infestação. O monitoramento de insetos-praga em mudas e em plantas adultas permitiu a identificação de Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel, 1901) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae: Cerataphidini). Relatos anteriores identificaram erroneamente a espécie como Cerataphis lataniae (Boisduval, 1867). Recomenda-se o monitoramento dessa espécie em palmáceas.

The purpose of this study was to denominate correctly the aphid that attack native Amazonian palms in the Eastern Amazon and describe its infestation. The monitoring of insect-pests on seedlings and mature plants allowed the identification of Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel, 1901) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae: Cerataphidini). Earlier reports erroneously identified the species as Cerataphis lataniae (Boisduval, 1867). It is recommended the application of monitoring of this species on palm trees.

De quem é essa casa? Dialogando sobre a casa com suas moradoras / Who owns this home? Dialoguing about the home with their residents

Este artigo tem como base diálogos realizados sobre a casa, com suas moradoras. Verificamos seus conflitos, seus desejos, mas, sobretudo a necessidade de manterem suas referências construídas ao longo da vida. A casa é permeada pelo sentimento de conquista, afetividade, privacidade, independência, autonomia e segurança; agrega valores econômicos,sociais, emocionais e de saúde, exercendo influência na vida dos idosos, no seu bem-estar. O artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o ambiente domiciliar e os desejos de seus moradores nas entrelinhas de suas falas. Evidencia a responsabilidade dos profissionais, bem como da família e da sociedade de proporcionar e viabilizar as correções e recursos necessários para que as futuras gerações de idosos possam viver melhor que os antecedentes em sua casa, seu domínio, seu espaço afetivo.(AU)

This article is based on conversations about the home with their residents. We checked their conflict, their desires, but rather the need to keep their references builted throughout their lives. The home is permeated by a sense of achievement, affection, privacy, independence, autonomy and security, adding economic, social, emotional and health values, influencing the lives of elderly people, in their welfare. The article reflects about the home environment and the desires of its residents between the lines of their speeches. Highlight the responsibility of professionals, as well as family and society to provide and make possible the necessity of corrections and resources so the future generations of older people can live better than their ancesters in their home, their domain, their motional space.(AU)

Tendência de mortalidade por leucemia infantil num período de 25 anos / Trends in childhood leukemia mortality over a 25-year period

OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência de mortalidade por leucemias na infância, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, durante o período de 1980 a 2006. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados os dados de mortalidade por leucemia em menores de 15 anos do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde para os anos de 1980 a 2006, segundo o sexo, dos residentes de três áreas: município do Rio de Janeiro (capital), região metropolitana (exceto capital) e interior do estado. Foram considerados como óbitos por leucemia aqueles cuja causa básica havia sido codificada de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, revisão 9 (CID-9), no período de 1980 a 1995, e segundo a CID-10 no período de 1996 a 2006. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas por faixa etária e ano de óbito, sendo, em seguida, ajustadas pela população mundial. Para análise de tendência, optou-se pelos modelos de regressão linear polinomial. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: As análises de tendência nas três localidades apresentaram perfis semelhantes, com um padrão decrescente e constante. Entretanto, a capital apresentou a maior queda em suas taxas. Analisando a tendência das taxas de mortalidade por leucemia infantil segundo o sexo, foi observado que, no sexo masculino, a incidência foi maior quando comparada ao sexo feminino nas três localidades analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada uma tendência de declínio da mortalidade por leucemias na infância no estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo mais acentuada na capital do que na região metropolitana e no interior do estado.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in childhood leukemia mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1980 and 2006. METHOD: Gender-stratified leukemia mortality data for children aged < 15 years from 1980 to 2006 were retrieved from the Brazilian Mortality Information System for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were stratified by place of death (city of Rio de Janeiro proper, the state capital; Rio de Jane iro Metropolitan Region, excluding the capital; and rest of the state). Leukemia deaths were defined according to death certificate ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding (for deaths occurring in 1980-1995 and 1996-2006, respectively). Leukemia mortality rates were calculated by age and calendar year and age-adjusted to a standard world population. Polynomial linear regression with a 5 percent significance level was used to evaluate mortality trends in the study regions. RESULTS: The three studied regions revealed similar trends, with a continuous downward pattern; the most substantial decline was detected in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (city proper). In all studied areas, leukemia mortality was highest among males. CONCLUSION: A downward trend in childhood leukemia mortality was detected throughout the state of Rio de Janeiro. The most pronounced reduction occurred in the state capital.